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對地表入滲和蒸發(fā)通量的分配,以及準(zhǔn)確量化不同空間尺度下土壤與大氣之間的質(zhì)量和能量交換過程,都需要了解土壤的水文性質(zhì)(如土壤水分特征曲線和導(dǎo)水率特征曲線)。土壤水分特征曲線(SWRC)描述了在基質(zhì)勢下土壤水分含量的平衡情況,是重要的水文特性,與土壤孔隙的大小分布和結(jié)構(gòu)密切相關(guān),受土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、質(zhì)地、有機(jī)物和粘土礦物等因素的影響。傳統(tǒng)測量SWRC的實(shí)驗(yàn)室方法繁瑣,數(shù)據(jù)往往不完整,且只覆蓋有限的水分含量范圍。近年來,近程和遙感技術(shù)得到了廣泛關(guān)注,特別是在光學(xué)域內(nèi)的土壤反射光譜已被用于獲取土壤礦物學(xué)和化學(xué)成分、有機(jī)物含量、粒度分布及水分含量等信息。這些研究為衛(wèi)星遙感提供了大尺度測繪的基礎(chǔ)。傳統(tǒng)方法主要依賴光譜轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù),盡管能有效推斷土壤水力特性,但需大量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行模型校準(zhǔn)。本文提出了一種新的實(shí)驗(yàn)室方法,通過水分含量依賴的短波紅外(SWIR)土壤反射光譜直接估計(jì)SWRC,利用最近開發(fā)的前向輻射傳輸模型,僅依賴水分含量-反射率數(shù)據(jù)對,計(jì)算更高效,無需反演流動(dòng)方程,簡化了測量過程。為了測試提議的新實(shí)驗(yàn)室方法,作者使用了21種亞利桑那州土壤,這些土壤的質(zhì)地(表 1)和礦物成分(即高嶺石、云母/伊利石、蒙脫石、蛭石、綠泥石和黑云母含量)有很大差異。下面提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)確定的 SWRC 和干燥土壤的反射光譜的描述。表 1. 亞利桑那州土壤的質(zhì)地特性使用ASD LabSpec®2500 地物光譜儀測量不同含水量水平的土壤反射光譜。波長范圍:350-2500nm。將烘干的土壤樣品通過2mm篩子,然后裝入直徑為40mm、高度為1.5mm的黑色金屬容器中。反射率測量采用與SWRC測量相同的目標(biāo)填充密度。樣品經(jīng)過仔細(xì)平整(即不壓實(shí)以盡量減少陰影效應(yīng))。土壤樣品最初用2毫升注射器浸透,在土壤從浸透到風(fēng)干的過程中,每3分鐘自動(dòng)獲取一次反射光譜。圖 2. (a) 假設(shè) θo= 0.18, l...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2024 - 11 - 07
瀏覽次數(shù):13
Measurement of extremely 2H-enriched water samples by laser spectrometry: application to batch electrolytic concentration of environmental tritium samples國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)(International Atomic Energy Agency -- IAEA)研究人員應(yīng)用LGR水同位素分析儀測量高2H富集水樣(備注:該文章是IAEA的研究人員獨(dú)立發(fā)表的文章,具有權(quán)威性、客觀性和獨(dú)立性,亦可廣泛使用。)IAEA的研究人員發(fā)表了一篇應(yīng)用LGR水同位素分析儀(912-0032)測量高2H富集水樣的文章,文章有2個(gè)目的:(1)論證基于OA-ICOS技術(shù)的水同位素分析儀可以快速獲得高準(zhǔn)確性和高精度的自然豐度水樣和氘富集水樣(delta_2H ~ +57,000‰)的δ2HVSMOW-SLAP   數(shù)值;(2)隨后論證基于激光技術(shù)2H富集方法測量水樣的效能,以促進(jìn)進(jìn)行批處理3H電解富集的環(huán)境氚水實(shí)驗(yàn)室的生產(chǎn)力。文章中還簡要說明了應(yīng)用CRDS分析儀測量高2H富集水樣的情況(CRDS水同位素分析儀可測量數(shù)值約為750‰的δ2HVSMOW-SLAP樣品,但兩個(gè)樣品之間需要大于20次以上的注射才可去除顯著...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2016 - 01 - 18
瀏覽次數(shù):71
UNSW researchers have used a new water-tracing technology in the Sydney Basin for the first time to determine how groundwater moves in the different layers of rock below the surface.新南威爾士大學(xué)(UNSW)研究人員在悉尼盆地首次應(yīng)用新的水源示蹤技術(shù)監(jiān)測地表下不同巖層下的地下水運(yùn)動(dòng) http://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science-tech/new-water-tracing-technology-help-protect-sydney-basin-groundwater
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2016 - 01 - 15
瀏覽次數(shù):30
LGR的二氧化碳同位素分析儀幫助中國科學(xué)院的科學(xué)家監(jiān)測“新鮮有機(jī)物的質(zhì)量對土壤有機(jī)物的啟動(dòng)和微生物底物利用率模式的影響” Quality of fresh organic matter affects priming of soil organic matter and substrate utilization patterns of microbesHui Wang1, 2 , Thomas W. Boutton3 , Wenhua Xu1 , Guoqing Hu1, 2 , Ping Jiang1 , Edith Bai1 AbstractChanges in biogeochemical cycles and the climate system due to human activities are expected to change the quantity and quality of plant litter inputs to soils. How changing quality of fresh organic matter (FOM) might influence the priming effect (PE) o...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2015 - 10 - 16
瀏覽次數(shù):60
Rapid, Online Quantification of H2S in JP-8 Fuel Reformate Using Near-Infrared Cavity-Enhanced Laser Absorption Spectroscopy應(yīng)用LGR激光痕量氣體分析儀快速在線量化JP-8(特級(jí)航空材料)中的H2SFeng Dong?, Christian Junaedi?, Subir Roychoudhury?, and Manish Gupta*?? Los Gatos Research, 67 East Evelyn Avenue, Suite 3, Mountain View, California 94041, United States? Precision Combustion, Inc., 410 Sackett Point Road, North Haven, Connecticut 06473, United StatesAnal. Chem., 2011, 83 (11), pp 4132–4136DOI: 10.1021/ac200300tPublication Date (Web): May 3, 2011Copyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyAbstractOn...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2015 - 10 - 10
瀏覽次數(shù):79
Ecosystem carbon (CO2 and CH4) fluxes of a Populus dettoides plantationin subtropical China during and post clear-cutting Shenghua Gao a, Jiquan Chen b, Yuxi Tang c, Jing Xie d, Rui Zhang e, Jie Tang c, Xudong Zhang a,*a State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, Chinab Center for Global Change and Earth Observations (CGCEO) and Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USAc Hunan Academy of Forestry, Chang...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2015 - 09 - 15
瀏覽次數(shù):43
HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING FOR DETECTION OF RHIZOCTONIA CROWN AND ROOT ROT IN SUGARBEETGregory J. Reynolds1, Carol E. Windels2, Ian V. MacRae3, and Soizik Laguette4Graduate Student, Professor, Associate Professor, and Assistant Professor, respectively1University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul2University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology and Northwest Research & Outreach Center, Crookston3University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology and Northwest Research & Outreach Center, Crookston4University of North Dakota, Department of Earth System Science a...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2015 - 08 - 11
瀏覽次數(shù):47
DETECTION OF SUGARCANE AFRICAN STALK BORER ELDANASACCHARINA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) USINGHYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING (SPECTRORADIOMETRY)應(yīng)用ASD地物光譜儀檢測蛀蟲ELDANA SACCHARINA(鱗翅目:螟蛾科)對非洲甘蔗莖部的危害程度MOKHELE TA1, AHMED F1 and CONLONG DE2,31School of Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa2South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa3School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South AfricaAbstractThe South African sugar industry i...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2015 - 08 - 06
瀏覽次數(shù):64
LGR氧化亞氮同位素分析儀測量水中硝酸鹽成功案例:Analytical Chemistry 文章:Combining Denitrifying Bacteria and Laser Spectroscopy for Isotopic Analyses (δ15N, δ18O) of Dissolved Nitrate通過反硝化細(xì)菌和激光同位素分析儀測定溶解硝酸鹽中的δ15N和δ18ODavid X. Soto *?, Geoff Koehler ?, and Keith A. Hobson ?? Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 3H5AbstractWe present a novel approach for nitrogen (δ15N) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic analysis of nitrate in water based on the isotopic analysis of N2O produced from the conversion of NO3– by cultured denitrifying bacteria and off-axis integrated cavity output ...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2015 - 07 - 21
瀏覽次數(shù):59
Nature 發(fā)表文章:In-situ unsaturated zone stable water isotope (2H and 18O) measurements in semi-arid environments using tunable o-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy科學(xué)家應(yīng)用LGR液態(tài)水同位素分析儀在半干旱環(huán)境下原位測量不飽和帶水中2H和18O同位素比值M. Gaj1,2,  M. Beyer1,  P. Koeniger1,  H. Wanke3,  J. Hamutoko3,  and T. Himmelsbach11 Federal Institue for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, Hannover, Germany2 Chair of Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Fahnenbergplatz, 79098 Freiburg, Germany3Universit...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2015 - 07 - 07
瀏覽次數(shù):44
Inter- and intraindividual correlations of background abundances of 2H, 18O and 17O in human urine and implications for DLW measurements科學(xué)家應(yīng)用LGR同位素分析儀測定人體尿液中的2H,18O和17O豐度間的相互作用對DLW測量方法的影響E S F Berman, E L Melanson, T Swibas, S P Snaith and J R SpeakmanBackground/Objectives:The method of choice for measuring total energy expenditure in free-living individuals is the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. This experiment examined the behavior of natural background isotope abundance fluctuations within and between individuals over time to assess possible methods of accounting for varia...
發(fā)布時(shí)間: 2015 - 07 - 01
瀏覽次數(shù):35
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